18 Common Verbs Z-Ž

• zabijam ~ zabijem, zabio

N A	N hammers A in
N gol	N strikes a goal

• zaboravljam ~ zaboravim

N (A)	N forgets (A)
N da...	N forgets that...
Ø se da...	it's forgotten that...

• zabranjujem, zabranjivao ~ zabranim

N (D) (da...)	N forbids D (to...)
N (D) INF	N forbids D to-INF
N A	N bans A

∆ zabrana "ban"

• zahtijëvam

N (A) (od G)	N demands (A) (from G)
N (od G) da...	N demands (from G) that...

∆ zahtjëv "demand"

• zahvaljujem ~ zahvalim

N (D) (za A)

N thanks (D) (for A)

• zaključavam ~ zaključam

N A

N locks A

opp: → otključavam

• zaključujem, zaključivao ~ zaključim

N da...	N concludes that...
N A	N concludes A

∆ zaključäk "conclusion"

• zamatam ~ zamotam

N A	N wraps, binds A

opp: → odmatam

• zapovijëdam ~ zapovjëdim

N (A) (da...)

N orders (A) (to...)

* used in military context; for other orders: → naručujem

∆ zapovijëd "order"

• zarađujem, zarađivao ~ zaradim

N A

N earns A

∆ zarada "profit"

• zatvaram ~ zatvorim

N A	N closes A
N se	N closes

opp: → otvaram

∆ zatvor "prison"

• zaustavljam ~ zaustavim

N A	N stops A
N se	N stops

opp: → pokrećem

• zauzimam ~ zauzmem, zauzeo

N A	N occupies A
N se za A	N promotes A

• završavam ~ završim

N (A)

N completes (A)

• značiti

N A (D)

N means, signifies A (to D)

∆ znak "sign"

• znam

N INF	N knows how (to-INF)
N da...	N knows, is aware that...
N A	N knows A*
N za A	N knows of A

* not used for knowing people, only skills etc; for knowing people: → poznajem

• zovem, zvao ~ po-

N (A)	N calls (A)
N¹ se N²	N¹ is called, named N²

∆ poziv "call"

• zvonim ~ po-

N

N rings

∆ zvono "bell, ring"

• zvučim, zvučao ~ za-

N ADV	N sounds ADV
N kao...	N sounds like...

∆ zvuk "sound"

• žalim

N (za A)	N is sorry (about A)
N se	N complains

∆ žalba "complaint"

• žanjem, žeo ~ po-

N (A)

N reaps (A)

* to "pick fruits": → berem

∆ žetva "harvest"

• želim, želio, željëla

N A	N wishes A, desires A

∆ želja "wish"

• ženim ~ o-

N A	N (man) marries A (woman)
N se I	N (man) marries I (woman)
N se (za A)	N (man) marries A (woman)
N-pl se	N (couple) get married

→ udajem

• živim

N (#)	N lives (#)
Ø se (#)	one lives (#)

∆ život "life"

∆ živ adj. "alive"

• žurim

N	N hurries, N is in a hurry

∆ žurba "hurry"

→ požurivati

• žvačem, žvakao ~ sa-

N (A)

N chews (A)

17 Common Verbs U-V

• ubijam ~ ubijem, ubio

N (A)

N kills (A)

∆ ubojstvo "murder"

• učim ~ na-

N (A-t) (od G)	N learns A-t (from G)
N A-p (A-t)	N teaches A-p (A-t)

* meanings are distinguished by accusatives of persons and things; otherwise, it is ambiguous

∆ učenik "pupil, student"

• udajem, udavao ~ udam

N se (za A)

N (woman) marries (A) (man)

→ ženim

• udaram ~ udarim

N (A)

N smacks (A)

∆ udaräc "blow, kick"

• uhvatim → hvatam

• uključujem, uključivao ~ uključim

N A	N includes A
N A	N switches A on

opp: → isključujem

• ulazim ~ uđem, ušao, ušla, ući

N (u L)

N enters L

∆ ulaz "entrance"

opp: → izlazim

• umaram ~ umorim

N A	N tires A
N se	N tires, N gets tired

∆ umor "fatigue"

∆ umorän adj. "tired"

opp: → odmaram

• umirem, umirao ~ umrem, umro, umrla, umrijëti

N

N dies

∆ smrt f "death"

• uništavam ~ uništim

N (A)

N destroys (A)

opp: → stvaram

• uspjevam ~ uspijem, uspio, uspjela

N (INF)	N succeeds (to-INF)
N u L	N succeeds in L

∆ uspjëh "success"

• uzimam ~ uzmem, uzeo

N (A) (od G)	N takes (A) (from G)
N se	N is taken

• važem, vagao ~ iz-

N A	N weighs A

∆ vaga "scale, device for weighting"

• vežem, vezao ~ za-

N A

N ties A

• vičem, vikao

N (da...)

N shouts, yells (that...)

∆ vika "shouting"

• vidim

N A

N sees A

∆ vid "sense of vision"

→ gledam

• visim, visio, visila/visjëla

N

N hangs

→ vješam

• vjërujem, vjërovao

N (D)	N believes (to D)
N u A	N believes in A
N da...	N believes that...
Ø se da...	it's believed that...

∆ vjera "faith"

• vjëšam ~ objesim

N A

N hangs A

• vladam

N (I)

N rules (I)

∆ vlast f "rule"

• volim

N A	N loves, likes A
N INF	N likes to-INF

→ sviđam

• vozim

N A (‹›)	N drives A (‹›) (steers)
N se (‹›) (u L)	N drives (‹›) (in L)

• vraćam ~ vratim

N A (D)	N returns A (to D)
N se (‹›)	N returns (‹›)

• vrijëdim

N A	N is worth A
N	N is valid

• vučem (vuku), vukäo, vukla, vući ~ po-

N A

N pulls A

opp: → guram

∆ vlak "train"

16 Common Verbs Š-T

• šaljem, slao ~ po-

N (A) (D)

N sends (A) (to D)

• šećem, šetao ~ pro-

N (I)	N strolls (I)
N (A)	N walks A*

* used for instance to "walk a dog"

∆ šetnja "stroll, leisurely walk"

• širim ~ ra-, pro-

N A	N spreads, widens A
N se	N spreads, gets wider, gets bigger

* used to "spread wings", "enlarge a house"; to "spread butter or cream": → mažem

∆ širok "wide"

∆ širina "width"

• šivam/šijem, šivao/šio ~ sašijem, sašio

N (A)

N sews (A)

∆ šav "seam, stitch"

• štitim ~ za-

N (A) (od G)

N protects (A) (from G)

∆ zaštita "protection"

• šutim

N (o L)

N is silent (about L)

• tečem (teku), tekäo, tekla, teći

N

N flows

∆ tok "flow"

• tjëram ~ po-, o-

N A (od G)	N chases away A (from G)
N A INF	N forces A to-INF

∆ potjera "chase"

• točim ~ na-

N (A)

N pours (A)

• tonem ~ po-

N

N sinks

→ potopim

• topim ~ o-

N A	N melts A
N se	N melts

• tražim

N A	N looks for A
N se	N is looked for

• trčim, trčao

N (››)

N runs (››)

∆ trka "run"

• trëbam

N A (od G)	N needs A (from G)
N D	D needs N*
N INF	N needs to-INF; N should INF

* alternate construct, thing needed in nom.

∆ potreba "need"

• trgam ~ po-, s-

N (A)

N tears (A)

• trljam ~ pro-

N A

N rubs A

• trošim ~ po-

N A	N spends A

* used for spending goods, not "spend time, holidays": → provodim

• tučem (tuku), tukäo, tukla, tući ~ is-

N (A)	N beats A
N-pl se	N-pl beat one another

* used for physical fights; for victories: → pobjëđujem

15 Common Verbs Sl-Sv

• slažem, slagao ~ složim

N A	N puts A to order, puts A together
N se (with I)	N agrees (with I)

∆ sloga "concord, harmony"

∆ složen adj. "complex, complicated"

• slijedim

N (A)

N follows (A)

• slikam ~ na-

N (A)

N paints (A)

∆ slika "picture, painting"

• slušam

N A	N listens to A

∆ sluh "sense of hearing"

• smanjujem, smanjivao ~ smanjim

N A	N lowers A, decreases A
N se	N gets smaller

opp: → povećavam

• smetam ~ za-

N (D)

N interferes (with D), gets in the way

∆ smetnja "interference"

• smijem, smijao ~ na-

N se (D)

N laughs (at D)

∆ smijëh "laughter"

∆ smijëšän adj. "funny"

• snimam ~ snimim

N A	N records A

* used only for sound and video recordings

∆ snimka "recording"

• spašavam ~ spasim

N A	N rescues A

∆ spas "salvation"

• spavam

N

N sleeps

• spremam ~ spremim

N A	N stores A
N A	N prepares A (food)
N A	N packs up A, puts A to its place

* also used with meaning "put a room in order"

• stajem, stajao ~ stanem, stao

N (‹›)

N stands up, comes to stand (‹›)

→ stojim

∆ stan "appartment"

• stišćem, stiskao ~ stisnem

N (A)	N squeezes (A)
N se	N shrinks

• stojim, stojao/stajao

N (#)

N stands (#)

→ stajem

• stvaram ~ stvorim

N A	N creates A

opp: → uništavam

∆ stvar f "thing"

• sudim

N (A¹) (za A²)

N judges (A¹) (for A²)

* used for courts

∆ sud "court of law"

∆ sudac "judge"

• surađujem, surađivao

N (s I)

N cooperates (with I)

∆ suradnja "cooperation"

• sušim ~ o-

N A	N dries A
N se	N dries, gets dry

∆ suša "drought"

∆ suh adj. "dry"

opp: → močim

• sviđam, svidio, svidjëla ~ svidim

N se D

D likes N

• svijëtlim

N	N makes light, illuminates, N's light is on

∆ svjëtlo "light"

∆ svjëtäo, svjëtla adj. "light, bright"

• sviram ~ od-

N (A) (D)

N plays (A) to (D)

* used for playing music only!

• svlačim ~ svučem (svuku), svukäo, svukla, svući

N A	N takes A (clothes, etc) off

opp: → oblačim

• svrbim

N A	N itches A

∆ svrbež "itch"

14 Common Verbs Sa-Sk

• säm°, bio ~ budem, —

N¹ N²	N¹ is N²
N ADJ-N	N is ADJ-N
Ø ADV	it's ADV
Ø G (#)	there's G* (#)

* used in past/future only, for present → imam, nemam

∆ bit "essence"

• sanjam

N (A) (o L)

N dreams (of A) (about L)

∆ san "dream, sleep"

• sastajem, sastajao ~ sastanem, sastao

N se (s I)

N meets I

∆ sastanak "meeting"

opp: → rastajem

• sastavljam ~ sastavim

N A	N assembles, puts together A

opp: → rastavljam

• shvaćam ~ shvatim

N (A)	N understands (A)
N da...	N understands that...
Ø se da...	it's understood that...

• sijëčem, sjëkäo, sjëkla, sjëći ~ po-

N A	N chops, hews, roughly cuts A to pieces

* used for rough cuts, for precise cuts: → rëžem

∆ sjëča "hewing down"

∆ sjëkira "ax"

• sjëćam ~ sjëtim

N se (da...)	N recalls, remembers (that...)
N se G	N recalls, remembers G

* used to retrieve past memories

∆ sjëćanje "recall"

→ pamtim

• sjëdim, sjëo, sjëla, sjësti

N (#)

N sits (#)

→ sjedam, ležim, stojim, čučim

• skačem, skakao ~ skočim

N (s G)

N jumps (from/off G)

∆ skok "jump"

• skidam ~ skinem

N A	N removes A, takes off A

• sklanjam ~ sklonim

N A (od G)	N moves A (away from G)
N se (od G)	N protects itself (from G), moves away (from G)

• sklapam ~ sklopim

N A	N folds up A
N oči	N closes eyes

• skraćujem, skraćivao ~ skratim

N A	N shortens A
N se	N shortens

opp: → produljujem

• skrećem, skretao ~ skrenem

N	N changes direction
N s I	N deviates from I
N A¹ (na A²)	N changes A¹'s direction (to A²)
N na A	N changes direction to A, turns to A*

* used e.g. when driving

• skrivam ~ skrijem, skrio

N A	N hides A
N se	N hides, is in hiding

→ otkrivam

13 Common Verbs R

• računam ~ iz-

N (A)	N computes (A)
N se	N counts, has importance*
N na A	N counts on A*

* only the impf. verb has these two uses; for counting objects, numbers: → brojim

• radim

N (#)

N works (#)

∆ rad "work"

• rađam ~ rodim

N (A)	N gives birth (to A)
N se	N is born

∆ rod "kin"

• rastem ~ od-

N

N grows

∆ rast "growth"

• razgovaram

N s I (preko G)

N talks to I (over G)

∆ razgovor "conversation"

→ govorim

• razmičem, razmicao ~ razmaknem

N A	N spreads A apart

∆ razmak "distance"

• razmišljam ~ razmislim

N (o L)

N considers (A), ponders (A), thinks deeply (about A)

• razvijam ~ razvijem, razvio

N (A)

N develops (A)

∆ razvoj "development"

• rëžem, rëzao ~ iz-

N (A)

N cuts A

∆ rez "cut"

* used for precise cuts, e.g. with a knife; → sijëčem

• rjëšavam ~ rijëšim

N A	N solves A

12 Common Verbs Pra-Put

• pravim ~ na-

N A

N makes A

• predajem, predavao ~ predam

N A (D)	N hands A over (to D)
N A (D)	N teaches A (to D), lectures A (to D)*

* only impf. verb is used with this meaning

• predlažem, predlagao ~ predložim

N A (D)	N suggests, proposes A (to D)
N (D) da...	N suggests, proposes (to D) that...
Ø se da...	it's suggested that...

∆ prijëdlog "proposal"

• predstavljam ~ predstavim

N (A) (D)	N introduces (A) (to D)
N A	N represents A

• pregledavam ~ pregledam

N A	N inspects A
N A	N examines A*

∆ pregled "inspection", "medical examination"

* used in medical contexts

• prekidam ~ prekinem

N INF	N discontinues to-INF
N A	N stops, aborts A
N (s I)	N stops I

∆ prekid "breakup, interruption"

• prelazim ~ pređem, prešäo, prešla, preći

N (A)	N crosses (over A)
N preko G	N crosses over G

• prepoznajem, prepoznavao ~ prepoznam

N A (po L)	N recognizes (by L)
N se (po L)	N is recognized (by L)

• prestajem, prestajao ~ prestanem, prestao

N (INF)	N stops, ceases (to-INF)
N (s GER-I)	N stops GER-ing

opp: → počinjem

• prevodim ~ prevedem, preveo, prevela, prevesti

N (A)	N brings over A
N (A¹) (s G) (na A²)	N translates (A¹) (from G) (to A²)

∆ prijëvod "translation"

• primam ~ primim

N A (od G)	N receives A (from G)
N A	N takes hold of A
N se (za A)	N holds (for A)

• primjëćujem, primjëćivao ~ primjëtim

N A	N notices A
N da...	N notices that...

• pripadam ~ pripadnem, pripao, pripala, pripasti

N (D)

N belongs (to D)

• pripremam ~ pripremim

N A (D)	N prepares A (for D=person)
N se (za A)	N prepares (him/herself) (for A)
N se INF	N prepares to-INF

• pristajem, pristajao ~ pristanem, pristao

N (na A)	N agrees (to A), allows (A)
N INF	N agrees to-INF
N da...	N agrees to...

• pritišćem, pritiskao ~ pritisnem

N A	N presses A

* used to press button, apply pressure to something

∆ pritisak "pressure"

• priznajem, priznavao ~ priznam

N (D) A	N admits A (to D)
N (D) da...	N admits (to D) that...

• probijam, probijao ~ probijem, probio

N A	N punctures A

• prodajem, prodavao ~ prodam

N (A) (D)

N sells (A) (to D)

• produljujem, produljivao ~ produljim

N A	N lenghtens A
N se	N lenghtens

opp: → skraćujem

• prolazim ~ prođem, prošäo, prošla, proći

N (I)

N passes (through I)

• propadam ~ propadnem, propao, propala, propasti

N	N fails, collapses

∆ propast "downfall, failure"

• pucam ~ puknem

N	N breaks, falls to pieces

∆ pucänj "shoot"

• pušem, puhao

N

N blows

• puštam ~ pustim

N A	N lets A go
N A da...	N lets A ...*

* used for general permission of actions, like "let him sleep"

• putujem, putovao ~ do- ~ ot-

N (I) (‹›)

N travels (by I) (‹›)

∆ put "way, journey"