Croatian Verbs

18 Common Verbs Z-Ž

2010-12-04T00:43:00.004+01:00

• zabijam ~ zabijem, zabio

N A N hammers A in

N gol N strikes a goal

• zaboravljam ~ zaboravim

N (A) N forgets (A)

N da... N forgets that...

Ø se da... it's forgotten that...

• zabranjujem, zabranjivao ~ zabranim

N (D) (da...) N forbids D (to...)

N (D) INF N forbids D to-INF

N A N bans A

∆ zabrana "ban"

• zahtijëvam

N (A) (od G) N demands (A) (from G)

N (od G) da... N demands (from G) that...

∆ zahtjëv "demand"

• zahvaljujem ~ zahvalim

N (D) (za A) N thanks (D) (for A)

• zaključavam ~ zaključam

N A N locks A

opp: → otključavam

• zaključujem, zaključivao ~ zaključim

N da... N concludes that...

N A N concludes A

∆ zaključäk "conclusion"

• zamatam ~ zamotam

N A N wraps, binds A

opp: → odmatam

• zapovijëdam ~ zapovjëdim

N (A) (da...) N orders (A) (to...)

* used in military context; for other orders: → naručujem

∆ zapovijëd "order"

• zarađujem, zarađivao ~ zaradim

N A N earns A

∆ zarada "profit"

• zatvaram ~ zatvorim

N A N closes A

N se N closes

opp: → otvaram

∆ zatvor "prison"

• zaustavljam ~ zaustavim

N A N stops A

N se N stops

opp: → pokrećem

• zauzimam ~ zauzmem, zauzeo

N A N occupies A

N se za A N promotes A

• završavam ~ završim

N (A) N completes (A)

• značiti

N A (D) N means, signifies A (to D)

∆ znak "sign"

• znam

N INF N knows how (to-INF)

N da... N knows, is aware that...

N A N knows A*

N za A N knows of A

* not used for knowing people, only skills etc; for knowing people: → poznajem

• zovem, zvao ~ po-

N (A) N calls (A)

N¹ se N² N¹ is called, named N²

∆ poziv "call"

• zvonim ~ po-

N N rings

∆ zvono "bell, ring"

• zvučim, zvučao ~ za-

N ADV N sounds ADV

N kao... N sounds like...

∆ zvuk "sound"

• žalim

N (za A) N is sorry (about A)

N se N complains

∆ žalba "complaint"

• žanjem, žeo ~ po-

N (A) N reaps (A)

* to "pick fruits": → berem

∆ žetva "harvest"

• želim, želio, željëla

N A N wishes A, desires A

∆ želja "wish"

• ženim ~ o-

N A N (man) marries A (woman)

N se I N (man) marries I (woman)

N se (za A) N (man) marries A (woman)

N-pl se N (couple) get married

→ udajem

• živim

N (#) N lives (#)

Ø se (#) one lives (#)

∆ život "life"

∆ živ adj. "alive"

• žurim

N N hurries, N is in a hurry

∆ žurba "hurry"

→ požurivati

• žvačem, žvakao ~ sa-

N (A) N chews (A)

17 Common Verbs U-V

2010-12-04T00:42:00.007+01:00

• ubijam ~ ubijem, ubio

N (A) N kills (A)

∆ ubojstvo "murder"

• učim ~ na-

N (A-t) (od G) N learns A-t (from G)

N A-p (A-t) N teaches A-p (A-t)

* meanings are distinguished by accusatives of persons and things; otherwise, it is ambiguous

∆ učenik "pupil, student"

• udajem, udavao ~ udam

N se (za A) N (woman) marries (A) (man)

→ ženim

• udaram ~ udarim

N (A) N smacks (A)

∆ udaräc "blow, kick"

• uhvatim → hvatam

• uključujem, uključivao ~ uključim

N A N includes A

N A N switches A on

opp: → isključujem

• ulazim ~ uđem, ušao, ušla, ući

N (u L) N enters L

∆ ulaz "entrance"

opp: → izlazim

• umaram ~ umorim

N A N tires A

N se N tires, N gets tired

∆ umor "fatigue"

∆ umorän adj. "tired"

opp: → odmaram

• umirem, umirao ~ umrem, umro, umrla, umrijëti

N N dies

∆ smrt f "death"

• uništavam ~ uništim

N (A) N destroys (A)

opp: → stvaram

• uspjevam ~ uspijem, uspio, uspjela

N (INF) N succeeds (to-INF)

N u L N succeeds in L

∆ uspjëh "success"

• uzimam ~ uzmem, uzeo

N (A) (od G) N takes (A) (from G)

N se N is taken

• važem, vagao ~ iz-

N A N weighs A

∆ vaga "scale, device for weighting"

• vežem, vezao ~ za-

N A N ties A

• vičem, vikao

N (da...) N shouts, yells (that...)

∆ vika "shouting"

• vidim

N A N sees A

∆ vid "sense of vision"

→ gledam

• visim, visio, visila/visjëla

N N hangs

→ vješam

• vjërujem, vjërovao

N (D) N believes (to D)

N u A N believes in A

N da... N believes that...

Ø se da... it's believed that...

∆ vjera "faith"

• vjëšam ~ objesim

N A N hangs A

• vladam

N (I) N rules (I)

∆ vlast f "rule"

• volim

N A N loves, likes A

N INF N likes to-INF

→ sviđam

• vozim

N A (‹›) N drives A (‹›) (steers)

N se (‹›) (u L) N drives (‹›) (in L)

• vraćam ~ vratim

N A (D) N returns A (to D)

N se (‹›) N returns (‹›)

• vrijëdim

N A N is worth A

N N is valid

• vučem (vuku), vukäo, vukla, vući ~ po-

N A N pulls A

opp: → guram

∆ vlak "train"

16 Common Verbs Š-T

2010-12-04T00:42:00.006+01:00

• šaljem, slao ~ po-

N (A) (D) N sends (A) (to D)

• šećem, šetao ~ pro-

N (I) N strolls (I)

N (A) N walks A*

* used for instance to "walk a dog"

∆ šetnja "stroll, leisurely walk"

• širim ~ ra-, pro-

N A N spreads, widens A

N se N spreads, gets wider, gets bigger

* used to "spread wings", "enlarge a house"; to "spread butter or cream": → mažem

∆ širok "wide"

∆ širina "width"

• šivam/šijem, šivao/šio ~ sašijem, sašio

N (A) N sews (A)

∆ šav "seam, stitch"

• štitim ~ za-

N (A) (od G) N protects (A) (from G)

∆ zaštita "protection"

• šutim

N (o L) N is silent (about L)

• tečem (teku), tekäo, tekla, teći

N N flows

∆ tok "flow"

• tjëram ~ po-, o-

N A (od G) N chases away A (from G)

N A INF N forces A to-INF

∆ potjera "chase"

• točim ~ na-

N (A) N pours (A)

• tonem ~ po-

N N sinks

→ potopim

• topim ~ o-

N A N melts A

N se N melts

• tražim

N A N looks for A

N se N is looked for

• trčim, trčao

N (››) N runs (››)

∆ trka "run"

• trëbam

N A (od G) N needs A (from G)

N D D needs N*

N INF N needs to-INF; N should INF

* alternate construct, thing needed in nom.

∆ potreba "need"

• trgam ~ po-, s-

N (A) N tears (A)

• trljam ~ pro-

N A N rubs A

• trošim ~ po-

N A N spends A

* used for spending goods, not "spend time, holidays": → provodim

• tučem (tuku), tukäo, tukla, tući ~ is-

N (A) N beats A

N-pl se N-pl beat one another

* used for physical fights; for victories: → pobjëđujem

15 Common Verbs Sl-Sv

2010-12-04T00:41:00.001+01:00

• slažem, slagao ~ složim

N A N puts A to order, puts A together

N se (with I) N agrees (with I)

∆ sloga "concord, harmony"

∆ složen adj. "complex, complicated"

• slijedim

N (A) N follows (A)

• slikam ~ na-

N (A) N paints (A)

∆ slika "picture, painting"

• slušam

N A N listens to A

∆ sluh "sense of hearing"

• smanjujem, smanjivao ~ smanjim

N A N lowers A, decreases A

N se N gets smaller

opp: → povećavam

• smetam ~ za-

N (D) N interferes (with D), gets in the way

∆ smetnja "interference"

• smijem, smijao ~ na-

N se (D) N laughs (at D)

∆ smijëh "laughter"

∆ smijëšän adj. "funny"

• snimam ~ snimim

N A N records A

* used only for sound and video recordings

∆ snimka "recording"

• spašavam ~ spasim

N A N rescues A

∆ spas "salvation"

• spavam

N N sleeps

• spremam ~ spremim

N A N stores A

N A N prepares A (food)

N A N packs up A, puts A to its place

* also used with meaning "put a room in order"

• stajem, stajao ~ stanem, stao

N (‹›) N stands up, comes to stand (‹›)

→ stojim

∆ stan "appartment"

• stišćem, stiskao ~ stisnem

N (A) N squeezes (A)

N se N shrinks

• stojim, stojao/stajao

N (#) N stands (#)

→ stajem

• stvaram ~ stvorim

N A N creates A

opp: → uništavam

∆ stvar f "thing"

• sudim

N (A¹) (za A²) N judges (A¹) (for A²)

* used for courts

∆ sud "court of law"

∆ sudac "judge"

• surađujem, surađivao

N (s I) N cooperates (with I)

∆ suradnja "cooperation"

• sušim ~ o-

N A N dries A

N se N dries, gets dry

∆ suša "drought"

∆ suh adj. "dry"

opp: → močim

• sviđam, svidio, svidjëla ~ svidim

N se D D likes N

• svijëtlim

N N makes light, illuminates, N's light is on

∆ svjëtlo "light"

∆ svjëtäo, svjëtla adj. "light, bright"

• sviram ~ od-

N (A) (D) N plays (A) to (D)

* used for playing music only!

• svlačim ~ svučem (svuku), svukäo, svukla, svući

N A N takes A (clothes, etc) off

opp: → oblačim

• svrbim

N A N itches A

∆ svrbež "itch"

14 Common Verbs Sa-Sk

2010-12-04T00:40:00.002+01:00

• säm°, bio ~ budem, —

N¹ N² N¹ is N²

N ADJ-N N is ADJ-N

Ø ADV it's ADV

Ø G (#) there's G* (#)

* used in past/future only, for present → imam, nemam

∆ bit "essence"

• sanjam

N (A) (o L) N dreams (of A) (about L)

∆ san "dream, sleep"

• sastajem, sastajao ~ sastanem, sastao

N se (s I) N meets I

∆ sastanak "meeting"

opp: → rastajem

• sastavljam ~ sastavim

N A N assembles, puts together A

opp: → rastavljam

• shvaćam ~ shvatim

N (A) N understands (A)

N da... N understands that...

Ø se da... it's understood that...

• sijëčem, sjëkäo, sjëkla, sjëći ~ po-

N A N chops, hews, roughly cuts A to pieces

* used for rough cuts, for precise cuts: → rëžem

∆ sjëča "hewing down"

∆ sjëkira "ax"

• sjëćam ~ sjëtim

N se (da...) N recalls, remembers (that...)

N se G N recalls, remembers G

* used to retrieve past memories

∆ sjëćanje "recall"

→ pamtim

• sjëdim, sjëo, sjëla, sjësti

N (#) N sits (#)

→ sjedam, ležim, stojim, čučim

• skačem, skakao ~ skočim

N (s G) N jumps (from/off G)

∆ skok "jump"

• skidam ~ skinem

N A N removes A, takes off A

• sklanjam ~ sklonim

N A (od G) N moves A (away from G)

N se (od G) N protects itself (from G), moves away (from G)

• sklapam ~ sklopim

N A N folds up A

N oči N closes eyes

• skraćujem, skraćivao ~ skratim

N A N shortens A

N se N shortens

opp: → produljujem

• skrećem, skretao ~ skrenem

N N changes direction

N s I N deviates from I

N A¹ (na A²) N changes A¹'s direction (to A²)

N na A N changes direction to A, turns to A*

* used e.g. when driving

• skrivam ~ skrijem, skrio

N A N hides A

N se N hides, is in hiding

→ otkrivam

13 Common Verbs R

2010-12-04T00:39:00.000+01:00

• računam ~ iz-

N (A) N computes (A)

N se N counts, has importance*

N na A N counts on A*

* only the impf. verb has these two uses; for counting objects, numbers: → brojim

• radim

N (#) N works (#)

∆ rad "work"

• rađam ~ rodim

N (A) N gives birth (to A)

N se N is born

∆ rod "kin"

• rastem ~ od-

N N grows

∆ rast "growth"

• razgovaram

N s I (preko G) N talks to I (over G)

∆ razgovor "conversation"

→ govorim

• razmičem, razmicao ~ razmaknem

N A N spreads A apart

∆ razmak "distance"

• razmišljam ~ razmislim

N (o L) N considers (A), ponders (A), thinks deeply (about A)

• razvijam ~ razvijem, razvio

N (A) N develops (A)

∆ razvoj "development"

• rëžem, rëzao ~ iz-

N (A) N cuts A

∆ rez "cut"

* used for precise cuts, e.g. with a knife; → sijëčem

• rjëšavam ~ rijëšim

N A N solves A

12 Common Verbs Pra-Put

2010-12-04T00:38:00.000+01:00

• pravim ~ na-

N A N makes A

• predajem, predavao ~ predam

N A (D) N hands A over (to D)

N A (D) N teaches A (to D), lectures A (to D)*

* only impf. verb is used with this meaning

• predlažem, predlagao ~ predložim

N A (D) N suggests, proposes A (to D)

N (D) da... N suggests, proposes (to D) that...

Ø se da... it's suggested that...

∆ prijëdlog "proposal"

• predstavljam ~ predstavim

N (A) (D) N introduces (A) (to D)

N A N represents A

• pregledavam ~ pregledam

N A N inspects A

N A N examines A*

∆ pregled "inspection", "medical examination"

* used in medical contexts

• prekidam ~ prekinem

N INF N discontinues to-INF

N A N stops, aborts A

N (s I) N stops I

∆ prekid "breakup, interruption"

• prelazim ~ pređem, prešäo, prešla, preći

N (A) N crosses (over A)

N preko G N crosses over G

• prepoznajem, prepoznavao ~ prepoznam

N A (po L) N recognizes (by L)

N se (po L) N is recognized (by L)

• prestajem, prestajao ~ prestanem, prestao

N (INF) N stops, ceases (to-INF)

N (s GER-I) N stops GER-ing

opp: → počinjem

• prevodim ~ prevedem, preveo, prevela, prevesti

N (A) N brings over A

N (A¹) (s G) (na A²) N translates (A¹) (from G) (to A²)

∆ prijëvod "translation"

• primam ~ primim

N A (od G) N receives A (from G)

N A N takes hold of A

N se (za A) N holds (for A)

• primjëćujem, primjëćivao ~ primjëtim

N A N notices A

N da... N notices that...

• pripadam ~ pripadnem, pripao, pripala, pripasti

N (D) N belongs (to D)

• pripremam ~ pripremim

N A (D) N prepares A (for D=person)

N se (za A) N prepares (him/herself) (for A)

N se INF N prepares to-INF

• pristajem, pristajao ~ pristanem, pristao

N (na A) N agrees (to A), allows (A)

N INF N agrees to-INF

N da... N agrees to...

• pritišćem, pritiskao ~ pritisnem

N A N presses A

* used to press button, apply pressure to something

∆ pritisak "pressure"

• priznajem, priznavao ~ priznam

N (D) A N admits A (to D)

N (D) da... N admits (to D) that...

• probijam, probijao ~ probijem, probio

N A N punctures A

• prodajem, prodavao ~ prodam

N (A) (D) N sells (A) (to D)

• produljujem, produljivao ~ produljim

N A N lenghtens A

N se N lenghtens

opp: → skraćujem

• prolazim ~ prođem, prošäo, prošla, proći

N (I) N passes (through I)

• propadam ~ propadnem, propao, propala, propasti

N N fails, collapses

∆ propast "downfall, failure"

• pucam ~ puknem

N N breaks, falls to pieces

∆ pucänj "shoot"

• pušem, puhao

N N blows

• puštam ~ pustim

N A N lets A go

N A da... N lets A ...*

* used for general permission of actions, like "let him sleep"

• putujem, putovao ~ do- ~ ot-

N (I) (‹›) N travels (by I) (‹›)

∆ put "way, journey"

11 Common Verbs Pob-Pož

2010-12-04T00:34:00.000+01:00

• pobjëđujem, pobjëđivao ~ pobijëdim

N (u L) N wins (in L)

N A (u L) N beats A (in a game L)

∆ pobjëda "victory"

• pobjëgnem → bjëžim

• počinjem, počinjao ~ počnem, počeo

N INF N starts to-INF

∆ početak "start, beginning"

opp: → prestajem

• podsjëćam ~ podsjëtim

N (A) (na L) N reminds (A) (of L)

• pogađam ~ pogodim

N (A) N hits A; N guesses A

∆ pogodäk "hit"

• pokazujem, pokazivao ~ pokažem, pokazao

N (A) (D) N shows, displays (A) (to D)

• poklanjam ~ poklonim

N A (D) N donates, gives gift A (to D)

* used when not selling something but giving for free or when giving gifts

→ darujem

• poklapam ~ poklopim

• pokrećem, pokretao ~ pokrenem

N A N sets A to motion

∆ pokret "movement"

opp: → zaustavljam

• pokrivam ~ pokrijem, pokrio

N A (I) N covers A (with I)

• pokušavam ~ pokušam

N (INF) N tries (to-INF)

∆ pokušaj "attempt"

→ probam

• pomažem, pomagao ~ pomognem, pomogao, pomogla, pomoći

N D (INF) N helps D (to-INF)

∆ pomoć "help"

∆ pomoćni adj. "spare, auxiliary"

• ponavljam ~ ponovim

N A N repeats A

• popravljam ~ popravim

N A N mends, fixes, repairs A

• posjëćujem, posjëćivao ~ posjëtim

N A N visits A

∆ posjeta "visit"

• postajem, postajao ~ postanem, postao

N ADJ-N N becomes ADJ-N

N¹ N² N¹ becomes N²

• postavljam ~ postavim

N A N sets up, installs A

• posuđujem, posuđivao ~ posudim

N (A) (od G) N borrows A (from G)

N D (A) N lends (A) to D

* not used for real estate; to lend a house or appartment → iznajmljujem

• poštujem, poštovao

N A N respects A

• potapam ~ potopim

N A N sinks A

→ tonem

• potpisujem, potpisivao ~ potpišem, potpisao

N (A) N signs (A)

∆ potpis "signature"

• potvrđujem, potvrđivao ~ potvrdim

N A N confims A

∆ potvrda "receipt, confirmation"

• povećavam ~ povećam

N A N enlarges A, increases A

N se N gets bigger

opp: → smanjujem

• pozdravljam ~ pozdravim

N A N greets A

• poznajem, poznavao

N A N knows A, is familiar with A

• požurujem, požurivao ~ požurim, požurio

N A N hurries A

→ žurim

10 Common Verbs Pa-Pl

2010-12-04T00:32:00.002+01:00

• padam ~ padnem, pao, pala, pasti

N (s G) (u L) N falls (from G) (into L)

∆ pad "fall"

• palim ~ u-

N A N ignites A, turns device A on

opp: → gasim

• pamtim ~ za-

N da.. N remembers that...

N A N remembers G

* used to fix events into memory for future

∆ pamet "intellect"

∆ pametän adj. "clever"

→ sjëćam

• pazim

N (na A) N takes care (of A)

N da... N takes care that...

∆ pažnja "attention"

• pečem (peku), pekäo, pekla, peći ~ is-

N A-t N bakes A-t

N A-p A-p's N burns, gives a burning sensation*

N se N is baked

* this is used for e.g. "my eyes burn"

∆ peć "furnace, oven"

• perem, prao ~ o-

N A N washes A

N se N washes himself/herself

• pijem, pio ~ po-

N (A) N drinks (A)

∆ piće "drink"

• pilim ~ is-

N (A) N saws (A)

∆ pila "saw"

• pišem, pisao ~ na-

N (A) (D) N writes (A) (to D)

N (D) da... N writes (D) that...

N se N is written

∆ pismo "letter"

• pitam

N (A) (o L) N asks (A) (about L)

∆ pitanje "question"

• pjëvam ~ ot-

N A (D) N sings A (to D)

∆ pjësma "song"

• plačem

N N cries (with tears)

∆ plač "cry"

• plaćam ~ platim

N (D) (A) N pays (A) (to D)

∆ plaća "pay, salary"

• plašim ~ u-

N A N scares A

N se G N is scared of G

• pletem ~ is-

N (A) N knits (A)

• plivam

N N swims

9 Common Verbs O

2010-12-04T00:31:00.000+01:00

• objašnjavam ~ objasnim

N (A) (D) N explains (A) (to D)

• objësim → vjëšam

• oblačim ~ obučem (obuku), obukäo, obukla, obući

N A* N puts A on

N A N dresses A

* used for clothes

opp: → svlačim

• obraćam ~ obratim

N se D N contacts D

N pažnju (na A) N pays attention (to A)

N se (na A) N converts (to A)*

* used for religious convertions

• očekujem, očekivao

N (A) (od G) N expects (A) (from G)

N (od G) da... N expects (from G) that...; N expects (G to)...

• odbijam ~ odbijem, odbio

N A N refuses A

N INF N refuses to-INF

• odgovaram ~ odgovorim

N (D) (da...) N answers (to D) (that...)

∆ odgovor "reply, answer"

• odlazim ~ odem, otišäo, otišla, otići

N (iz G) (››) N leaves (G) (››)

∆ odlazäk "departure, leaving"

opp: → dolazim

• odlučujem, odlučivati ~ odlučim

N INF N decides to-INF

N da... N decides that...

∆ odluka "decision"

• odmaram ~ odmorim

N A N rests A

N se N rests

∆ odmor "rest"

opp: → zamaram

• odmatam ~ odmotam

N A N unwraps, unbinds A

opp: → zamatam

• odnosim ~ odnesem, odnio, odnijëla, odnijëti

N A (od G) N takes away A (from G)

• odustajem, odustajao ~ odustanem, odustao

N (od G) N gives up (on G)

• oduzimam ~ oduzmem, oduzeo

N A (D) N takes A away (from D)

N A (od G) N takes A away (from G), subtracts A (from G)

• okrećem, okretao ~ okrenem

N A N turns A

N se (od G) N turns (away from G)

N se (prema D) N turns (toward D)

• opraštam ~ oprostim

N (D) (za A) N forgives D (for A)

• osjëćam ~ osjëtim

N (A) N feels (A)

N da... N feels that...

N se N is felt

Ø se da... it's felt that...

∆ osjëćaj "feeling"

• oslobađam ~ oslobodim

N A N releases A, sets A free

• ostajem, ostajao ~ ostanem, ostao

N # N remains, stays #

N ADJ-N N remains ADJ-N

N¹ N² N¹ remains N²

• ostavljam ~ ostavim

N A N leaves A

• otključavam ~ otključam

N A N unlocks A

opp: → zaključavam

• otkrivam ~ otkrijem, otkrio

N A N discovers, unravels A

N da... N discovers that...

→ skrivam

• otvaram ~ otvorim

N A N opens A

N se N opens

opp: → zatvaram

• označavam ~ označim

N A N marks A

8 Common Verbs N

2010-12-04T00:29:00.000+01:00

• nadam

N se da... N hopes that...

N se D N hopes for D

• nalazim ~ nađem, našäo, našla, naći

N A N finds A

N se # N finds him/herself #, N is #

• namjëravam

N INF N intends to-INF

∆ namjera "intention"

• napuštam ~ napustim

N A N abandons A

• naručujem, naručivao ~ naručim

N (A) (od G) N orders (A) (from G)

* used to order food, goods etc; for military orders: → zapovijëdam, naređujem

∆ narudžba "comission, order"

• nastajem, nastajao ~ nastanem, nastao

N N comes into being

• nastavljam ~ nastavim

N INF N continues to-INF

N (s I) N continues (with I)

• nastupam ~ nastupim

N N acts, comes into effect

∆ nastup "performance, act"

• natičem, naticao ~ natečem (nateku), natekäo, natekla, nateći

N N swells

• nedostajem, nedostajao

N D D lacks, misses N

∆ nedostatak "lack, shortage, imperfection"

• nemam

N A N has no A

Ø G (#) there's no G* (#)

* used only in present, for past and future → sam

opp: → imam

• nestajem, nestajao ~ nestanem, nestao

N N disappears

• nosim

N A (D) N carries A (to D)

N A N wears A

7 Common Verbs L-M

2010-12-04T00:28:00.000+01:00

• lažem, lagao ~ s-

N (D) (o L) N lies, tells lies (to D) (about L)

∆ laž f "lie"

• letim

N N flies

∆ let "flight"

• ležim, ležao

N (#) N lies, rests (#)

→ lijëžem

• lijëčim ~ iz-

N (D) (I) N heals (D) (with I)

N se N is healed

∆ lijëk "medicine, drug"

∆ lijëčnik "physician"

• lijëžem, lijëgao ~ legnem, legäo, legla, leći

N (››) N lies down, comes to rest (››)

∆ ležaj "bearing, generic bed"

→ ležim

• lovim ~ u-

N A N hunts A

• lupam ~ lupim

N (A) N bangs, hits (A)

N (I) (po L) N bangs I (on L)

N (I) (on L) N bangs I (on L)

* used for violent hitting one object against another

• ljuštim ~ o-

N A N husks, scales, peels A

→ gulim

∆ ljuska "shell, scale"

• mažem, mazao ~ na-

N A¹ (na A²) N spreads A¹ (on A²)

* used to "spread butter", "apply cream to skin", etc.; otherwise "spread":

• meljem, mljëo ~ sa-

N A N mills, grinds A

∆ mlin "mill"

• mičem, micao ~ maknem

N A N moves A

N se N moves

• mijëšam ~ iz-, pro-

N (A) (I) N mixes, stirs (A) (with I)

N se (u A) N interferes (with A)

• mislim

N (o L) N thinks (about L)

N da... N thinks that...

∆ misao f "thought"

• močim ~ s-

N A N wets A

N se N wets, gets wet

∆ mokär adj. "wet"

opp: → sušim

• mogu, mogäo, mogla, moći

N INF N can, is able to-INF

• mogu°, mogäo, mogla, moći

N INF N is able to INF, can INF

∆ moć f "might, ability"

• molim ~ za-

N A (da...) N kindly asks A (to..)

N se (D) (da...) N prays (to D) (to...)

* "molim" means "please" in communication

∆ molba "plea, application"

∆ molitva "prayer"

• moram

N INF N must INF

• mrzim

N A N hates A

6 Common Verbs J-K

2010-08-10T16:58:00.002+02:00

• jedem, jeo ~ po-

N (A) N eats (A)

∆ jelo "meal"

• jurim ~ od-

N N moves in a great speed, rushes

• kašljem, kašljao

N N coughs

• kišem, kihao ~ kihnem

N N sneezes

• kopam ~ is-

N (A) N digs (A)

• koristim ~ is-

N A N uses A

∆ korist f "utility, effect, use"

• kradem, krao, krala, krasti ~ u-

N (A) (od G) N steals (A) (from G)

∆ krađa "theft"

• krećem, kretao ~ krenem

N (››) N starts moving, sets off (››)

N INF N starts to-INF

N se (#) N moves (#)

→ pokrećem

• kucam ~ po-

N (na A) N knocks (on A)

• kuham ~ s-

N (A) N cooks (A)

N se N cooks

• kupam ~ o-

N A N bathes A

N se N bathes

• kupujem, kupovao ~ kupim

N (A) (od G) N buys (A) (from G)

• kvarim ~ po-

N A N spoils A

N se N spols, gets spoiled

∆ kvar "breakdown, defect"

5 Common Verbs I

2010-03-31T14:00:00.003+02:00

• idem, išäo, išla, ići

N ›› N goes ››

N INF N goes to-INF

N D N goes to D

• igram ~ od-

N A N plays A

N s I N plays with I

N-pl se (G) N-pl play together (G)

∆ igra "game, play"

• imam

N A N has A

Ø G (#) there's some G* (#)

* used only in present, for past and future →sam

opp: → nemam

• isključujem, isključivao ~ isključim

N A N excludes A

N A N switches A off

N se N switches off

N se I N can be switched of by I

opp: → uključujem

• ističem, isticao ~ istaknem, istakäo/istaknuo, istakla/istaknula, istaći/istaknuti

N A N emphasizes A

N se N stands out

• izaberem → biram

• izgledam

N ADV N looks, appears ADV

N kao... N looks like...

∆ izgled "look, appearance"

→ vidim, gledam

• izlazim ~ izađem, izašäo, izašla, izaći

N (iz G) N exits, leaves (G)

∆ izlaz "exit"

opp: → ulazim

• izlažem, izlagao ~ izložim

N (A) (D) N exposes (A) (to D)

∆ izlog "shop window"

• iznajmljujem, iznajmljivao ~ iznajmim

N A (od G) N hires A (from G); N leases A (from G)

N D A N leases A to D

• izrađujem, izrađivao ~ izradim

N A N manufactures A

• izvlačim ~ izvučem (izvuku), izvukäo, izvukla, izvući

N A (iz G) N pulls A out (of/from G)

• izvršavam ~ izvršim

N A N executes, completes A

4 Common Verbs E-H

2010-03-30T21:27:00.007+02:00

• gađam

N A N aims at A

• gasim ~ u-

N (A) N extinguishes (A), turns (A) off (device)

N se N smothers

• gledam ~ po-

N (u L) N looks (at L)

N A N watches A

∆ pogled "look (at someone)"

→ vidim, izgledam

• gorim, gorio, gorila/gorjëla, iz-

N N burns

• govorim ~ rečem, rekäo, rekla, reći

N (o L) N speaks (about L)

N da... N tells that...

Ø se da... there's a rumor that...

Ø se (o L) there's talk (about L)

∆ govor "speech"

• grebem, grebao ~ o-

N (A) N scratches

* scratch very lightly to relieve itch: → češem

∆ greben "reef"

• grijem, grijao ~ za-, z-

N A N warms A up

N se N warms up

→ hladim

• grizem, grizao

N (A) N bites (A)

• gubim ~ iz

N (A) N looses (A)

∆ gubitak "loss"

• gulim ~ o-

N A N peels A

N se N peels

* used for peeling "skin" (also orange, potato...); for onions more frequent is: → ljuštim

• guram ~ gurnem

N (A) N pushes (A)

• gutam ~ pro-

N (A) N swallows (A)

• hladim ~ o-

N A N cools A, makes A colder

N se N cools

→grijem

∆ hlad "shade"

∆ hladän adj. "cold"

∆ hladnoća "cold"

• hoću°, htio, htjëla

N A N wants A

N INF N wants to-INF

• hodam

N (I) N walks (through I)

* to "walk a dog": →šećem

• hranim ~ na-

N A (I) N feeds A (with I)

N se (I) N feeds (with I)

∆ hrana "food"

• hvatam ~ uhvatim

N (A) N catches (A)

3 Common Verbs D

2010-03-23T13:35:00.002+01:00

• dajem, davao ~ dam

N (A) (D) N gives (A) (to D)

N se (D) N is given (to D)

• darivam ~ darujem, darovao

N (A) (D) N donates (A) (to D), gives (A) (to D) as a gift

* used for giving of any gift to anyone

∆ dar "gift"

• derem ~ po-

N A N tears, shreds A

N se N screams*

* only impf. verb is used

• dijëlim ~ po-

N A¹ (na A²) N divides A¹ (to A²)

∆ dio gen. dijëla "part"

• diram ~ dirnem

N A N touches A

• divim

N se (D) N admires D

∆ divän adj. "wonderful"

• dobivam ~ dobijem, dobio

N A (od G) N gets A (from G)

• dodajem, dodavao ~ dodam

N (A) (D) N adds (A) (to D), passes (A) (to D)

* used to add numbers but also to pass balls in a game

• dogovaram ~ dogovorim

N (s I) (da...) N comes to agreement (with I) (that...)

N-pl se (da...) N-pl negotiate (that...)

• dokazujem, dokazivao ~ dokažem, dokazao

N A N proves A

N da... N proves that...

∆ dokaz "proof"

• dolazim ~ dođem, došäo, došla, doći

N (iz G) (‹‹) N comes (from G) (‹‹)

∆ dolazäk "arrival, coming"

opp: → odlazim

• donosim ~ donesem, donio, donijëla, donijëti

N A (D) N brings A (to D)

• dopuštam ~ dopustim

N A N allows A

N (D) da... N allows (D) that...

→ dozvoljavam

• dozvoljavam ~ dozvolim

N A N allows A

N (D) da... N allows (D) that...

∆ dozvola "permission"

→ dopuštam

• držim, držao

N A (#) N holds A (#)

2 Common Verbs C-Ć

2009-08-21T12:58:00.004+02:00

• crtam ~ na-

N (A) N draws, sketches A

* used with drawings

→ slikam

∆ crta "line"

∆ crtež "drawing, sketch"

□ crtām, crtao...

• čekam ~ do-

N (A) N waits (for A)

∆ dòček "reception, welcome"

□ čekām, čekao...
□ dòčekām, dòčekao...; dòčekān

• češem, češao ~ po-

N A N scratches A

* used for scratching to remove itch; for scratching that leaves marks: → grebem

□ češēm, čèšao...
□ pòčešēm, počèšati...; počešān

• češljam ~ po-

N A N combs A

N se N combs his/her hair

∆ češälj "comb"

□ čèšljām, čèšljao...
□ počèšljām, počèšljao...

• činim

N A (D) N does A (to D)

N A ADJ-I* N makes A ADJ-I

N A I N makes A I

N se (D) ADJ-N N seems ADJ-N (to D)

Ø se (D) da... it seems (to D) that...

* adjective must be in ins.

□ čìnīm, čìnio...

• čistim ~ o-

N A N cleans A

∆ čist adj. "pure, clean"

□ čistīm, čistio...; čišćen
□ òčistīm, òčistio...; òčišćen

• čitam ~ pro-

N (A) (D) N reads (A) (to D)

N se N is being read

□ čìtām, čìtati...
□ pročìtām, pročìtati...; pročitān

• čučim, čučao ~ ~ čučnem

N N crouches

□ čúčīm, čúčao...

• čudim

N A N astonishes A

N se D N is astonished by D

N se da... N is astonished that...

∆ čudo "wonder"

∆ čudän adj. "strange"

□ čudīm, čudio...

• čuvam

N A N keeps A

N A (G) N guards A (from G)

□ čūvām, čúvao...

1 Common Verbs A-B

2009-08-12T16:19:00.014+02:00

• bacam ~ bacim

N A¹ (na A²) N throws A¹ (at A²)

□ bàcām, bàcao...
□ bācīm, bácio...; bāčen

• bavim

N se (I) N spends time (on I), deals (with I)

□ bavīm, bavio...

• berem, brao ~ po-

N A N picks A

* used only to pick fruits, flowers; for other harvest → žanjem

∆ bèrba "vintage, harvest of fruits"

□ bèrēm, brao...; brān; bránje
□ pobèrēm, pòbrao

• biram ~ izaberem, izabrao

N A N selects, chooses A

N se N gets elected

∆ ìzbor "choice"

∆ ìzbori pl. "elections"

□ bīrām, bírao...; bírānje
□ izabèrēm, izabrao, izabrala, izàbrati; izabrān

• bjëžim, bjëžao ~ pobjëgnem, pobjëgao, pobjëgla, pobjëći

N ›› N escapes ››

N D N runs away from D

∆ bijëg "escape, flight"

□ bjèžīm, bjèžao...; bjèžānje
□ pòbjegnēm, pòbjegao, pòbjegla, pòbjeći

• bojim, bojao

N se (G) N is scared (of G)

→ plašim

□ bòjīm, bòjao...

• bolim, bolio, boljëla

N A A's N hurts*

* inverse construction in Croatian

∆ bōl f "pain"

□ bòlīm, bòlio, bòljela...

• borim

N se (s I) N fights (with I)

N se (protiv G) N fights (against G)

∆ borba "fight"

□ bòrīm, bòrio...

• branim ~ o-

N A (od G) N defends A (from G)

∆ obrana "defence"

∆ brána "dam"

□ brānīm, bránio...; brānjen
□ òbrānīm, obránio...; òbrānjen

• brijem, brijao ~ o-

N A N shaves A

N se N shaves

□ brijēm, brijao...; brijānje
□ òbrijēm, òbrijao...; òbrijān

• brinem

N (se) (za A) N cares (about A)

N (se) (o L) N cares (about A)

N se N worries

∆ briga "concern, worry"

□ brinēm, brinuo...

• brišem, brisao ~ po-, iz-

N A N deletes A

□ brišēm, brisao...
□ pòbrišēm, pòbrisao...; pòbrisān
□ ìzbrišēm, ìzbrisao...; ìzbrisān

• brojim ~ iz-

N A N counts A

∆ brōj "number, count"

□ bròjīm, bròjao...
□ ìzbrojīm, izbròjao...; ìzbrojen

• budim ~ pro-

N A N wakes A up

N se N wakes up

∆ búdän adj. "awake"

□ būdīm, búdio...; búđēnje
□ pròbūdīm, probúdio...; pròbūđen

• bušim ~ pro-, iz-

N (A) N drills (through A), perforates (A)

□ būšīm, búšio...
□ pròbūšīm, probúšio...; pròbūšen
□ ìzbūšīm, izbúšio...; ìzbūšen

Introduction

2009-08-12T00:02:00.015+02:00

In this blog I will post entries about Croatian verbs, focusing on imperfect-perfect pairs, case use etc. This is a reference supplement to my Basic Croatian.

My plan is to eventually list some 3000 most common verbs, given as roughly 1500 imperfective-perfective pairs (with some verbs unpaired). All verbs will be listed with cases, prepositions and other things that surround them.

This is quite a task, so I'll do it incrementally. First I'll give some 500 "most common" verbs.

Verb Pairs

Each entry is given as:

impf. verb ~ perf. verb

For every verb, only forms that cannot be guessed from standard rules are given (the 3^rd person sg. present is given only when needed, in examples like pečem - peku):

1^st pers. sg. pres. (3^rd pers. sg. pres.), past m, past f, infinitive

If a perf. verb is marked with an (s) it means that it denotes start of action, like be ill ~ become ill. Some verbs don't have counterparts; some have more than one.

Use With Cases and Prepositions

Below each verb, its use is shown (what cases and prepositions can be used). For instance, if it's written:

N (A) (D)

It means that an "argument" (a noun or a noun phrase) in nominative should be used (but it can be left out if it's a pronoun!), as well as arguments in accusative and dative, but they are optional. Another example:

Nouns in nominative cannot be used, it's used impersonally (3^rd pers. sg. n). Every verb uses either N or Ø. The summary of symbols:

D noun or noun phrase in dative

L locative argument (noun or noun phrase), same as dative

N noun or noun phrase in nominative

G noun or noun phrase in genitive

I noun or noun phrase in instrumental

N-pl argument in nominative (noun or noun phrase), but must be plural

¹ ² marks two separate phrases having same form (e.g. accusative)

( ) optional

INF infinitive

ADJ-N adjective in nominative

ADJ-I adjective in instrumental

ADV adverb

GER-A gerund in accusative

Ø nominative subject cannot be used, verb must be in 3^rd pers. sg. n

se se must be used (not sebe!)

... subclause

(od G) phrase od + gen. can be added, having a special meaning

# static location (e.g. u sobi)

›› motion reference (e.g. u sobu, iz sobe)

If there are two arguments having same form, they are either distinguished by prepositions before them, and otherwise their relative order in the sentence is important.

Most verbs allow addition of a static location reference (jedem "I'm eating" — jedem u sobi "I'm eating in (the) room"), but some verbs don't allow it, but only a motion reference: vraćam se u sobu "I'm returning to the room". Meaning of static and motion references doesn't depend on the verb, the verb only allows them or not. A static location reference can be almost always used. A time reference (e.g. jučer "yesterday") can be always added.

Below the list of uses, there's optional list, containing:

∆ related noun(s)

* note on use of verb or particular use
→ see other verb(s)

Stress

Eventually, all entries will include stress marks. Each form will be given with its Standard accentuation (stress) and a simplified one (used in Zagreb speech, and by myself). I'm using modified marks, as follows:

a = a short vowel
ā = a long vowel
à = a short vowel with the rising stress
á = a long vowel with the rising stress
a = a vowel stressed in the Zagreb system

If no marks are given, the first vowel is accented (with the falling stress in the Standard system). All marks above letters refer to the Standard system, and ones below them, to the Zagreb system.

For instance, given pògledām, pògledao, in the Standard accentuation, one should pronounce all vowels short except ā in the first word, and both o's should have the rising stress. In the Zagreb system, all vowels are pronounced short, and both e's are stressed. Other forms (past part. f, infinitive) have the same stress as the last form listed (past part. m).

The stress entries are marked with a white square (□).

N (A)	N forgets (A)
N da...	N forgets that...
Ø se da...	it's forgotten that...

N (D) (da...)	N forbids D (to...)
N (D) INF	N forbids D to-INF
N A	N bans A

N (A) (od G)	N demands (A) (from G)
N (od G) da...	N demands (from G) that...

N INF	N knows how (to-INF)
N da...	N knows, is aware that...
N A	N knows A*
N za A	N knows of A

N A	N (man) marries A (woman)
N se I	N (man) marries I (woman)
N se (za A)	N (man) marries A (woman)
N-pl se	N (couple) get married

N (A-t) (od G)	N learns A-t (from G)
N A-p (A-t)	N teaches A-p (A-t)

N (D)	N believes (to D)
N u A	N believes in A
N da...	N believes that...
Ø se da...	it's believed that...

N A (‹›)	N drives A (‹›) (steers)
N se (‹›) (u L)	N drives (‹›) (in L)

N A	N spreads, widens A
N se	N spreads, gets wider, gets bigger

N A (od G)	N needs A (from G)
N D	D needs N*
N INF	N needs to-INF; N should INF

N A	N puts A to order, puts A together
N se (with I)	N agrees (with I)

N A	N stores A
N A	N prepares A (food)
N A	N packs up A, puts A to its place

N¹ N²	N¹ is N²
N ADJ-N	N is ADJ-N
Ø ADV	it's ADV
Ø G (#)	there's G* (#)

N (A)	N understands (A)
N da...	N understands that...
Ø se da...	it's understood that...

N se (da...)	N recalls, remembers (that...)
N se G	N recalls, remembers G

N A (od G)	N moves A (away from G)
N se (od G)	N protects itself (from G), moves away (from G)

N	N changes direction
N s I	N deviates from I
N A¹ (na A²)	N changes A¹'s direction (to A²)
N na A	N changes direction to A, turns to A*

N (A)	N computes (A)
N se	N counts, has importance*
N na A	N counts on A*

N A (D)	N hands A over (to D)
N A (D)	N teaches A (to D), lectures A (to D)*

N A (D)	N suggests, proposes A (to D)
N (D) da...	N suggests, proposes (to D) that...
Ø se da...	it's suggested that...

N INF	N discontinues to-INF
N A	N stops, aborts A
N (s I)	N stops I

N A (po L)	N recognizes (by L)
N se (po L)	N is recognized (by L)

N (A)	N brings over A
N (A¹) (s G) (na A²)	N translates (A¹) (from G) (to A²)

N A (od G)	N receives A (from G)
N A	N takes hold of A
N se (za A)	N holds (for A)

N A (D)	N prepares A (for D=person)
N se (za A)	N prepares (him/herself) (for A)
N se INF	N prepares to-INF

N (na A)	N agrees (to A), allows (A)
N INF	N agrees to-INF
N da...	N agrees to...

N A-t	N bakes A-t
N A-p	A-p's N burns, gives a burning sensation*
N se	N is baked

N (A) (D)	N writes (A) (to D)
N (D) da...	N writes (D) that...
N se	N is written

N se D	N contacts D
N pažnju (na A)	N pays attention (to A)
N se (na A)	N converts (to A)*

N (A) (od G)	N expects (A) (from G)
N (od G) da...	N expects (from G) that...; N expects (G to)...